Qt信号与槽机制是如何工作的

#define signals public
#define slots /* nothing */

#define Q_OBJECT \
public: \
    static const QMetaObject staticMetaObject; \
    virtual const QMetaObject *metaObject() const; \
    virtual void *qt_metacast(const char *); \
    virtual int qt_metacall(QMetaObject::Call, int, void **); \
    QT_TR_FUNCTIONS /* translations helper */ \
private: \
    Q_DECL_HIDDEN static void qt_static_metacall(QObject *, QMetaObject::Call, int, void **);

Q_CORE_EXPORT const char *qFlagLocation(const char *method);
#ifndef QT_NO_DEBUG
# define QLOCATION "\0" __FILE__ ":" QTOSTRING(__LINE__)
# define SLOT(a)     qFlagLocation("1"#a QLOCATION)
# define SIGNAL(a)   qFlagLocation("2"#a QLOCATION)
#else
# define SLOT(a)     "1"#a
# define SIGNAL(a)   "2"#a
#endif

const QMetaObject Counter::staticMetaObject = {
    { &QObject::staticMetaObject, qt_meta_stringdata_Counter.data,
      qt_meta_data_Counter,  qt_static_metacall, Q_NULLPTR, Q_NULLPTR}
};


const QMetaObject *Counter::metaObject() const
{
    return QObject::d_ptr->metaObject ? QObject::d_ptr->dynamicMetaObject() : &staticMetaObject;
}

struct QMetaObject
{
    /* ... Skiped all the public functions ... */

    enum Call { InvokeMetaMethod, ReadProperty, WriteProperty, /*...*/ };

    struct { // private data
        const QMetaObject *superdata;
        const QByteArrayData *stringdata;
        const uint *data;
        typedef void (*StaticMetacallFunction)(QObject *, QMetaObject::Call, int, void **);
        StaticMetacallFunction static_metacall;
        const QMetaObject **relatedMetaObjects;
        void *extradata; //reserved for future use
    } d;
};

static const uint qt_meta_data_Counter[] = {

 // content:
       7,       // revision
       0,       // classname
       0,    0, // classinfo
       2,   14, // methods
       0,    0, // properties
       0,    0, // enums/sets
       0,    0, // constructors
       0,       // flags
       1,       // signalCount

 // signals: name, argc, parameters, tag, flags
       1,    1,   24,    2, 0x06 /* Public */,

 // slots: name, argc, parameters, tag, flags
       4,    1,   27,    2, 0x0a /* Public */,

 // signals: parameters
    QMetaType::Void, QMetaType::Int,    3,

 // slots: parameters
    QMetaType::Void, QMetaType::Int,    5,

       0        // eod
};

struct qt_meta_stringdata_Counter_t {
    QByteArrayData data[6];
    char stringdata0[46];
};
#define QT_MOC_LITERAL(idx, ofs, len) \
    Q_STATIC_BYTE_ARRAY_DATA_HEADER_INITIALIZER_WITH_OFFSET(len, \
    qptrdiff(offsetof(qt_meta_stringdata_Counter_t, stringdata0) + ofs \
        - idx * sizeof(QByteArrayData)) \
    )
static const qt_meta_stringdata_Counter_t qt_meta_stringdata_Counter = {
    {
		QT_MOC_LITERAL(0, 0, 7), // "Counter"
		QT_MOC_LITERAL(1, 8, 12), // "valueChanged"
		QT_MOC_LITERAL(2, 21, 0), // ""
		QT_MOC_LITERAL(3, 22, 8), // "newValue"
		QT_MOC_LITERAL(4, 31, 8), // "setValue"
		QT_MOC_LITERAL(5, 40, 5) // "value"
    },
    "Counter\0valueChanged\0\0newValue\0setValue\0"
    "value"
};
#undef QT_MOC_LITERAL

// SIGNAL 0
void Counter::valueChanged(int _t1)
{
    void *_a[] = { Q_NULLPTR, const_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&_t1)) };
    QMetaObject::activate(this, &staticMetaObject, 0, _a);
}

struct QObjectPrivate::Connection
{
    QObject *sender;
    QObject *receiver;
    union {
        StaticMetaCallFunction callFunction;
        QtPrivate::QSlotObjectBase *slotObj;
    };
    // The next pointer for the singly-linked ConnectionList
    Connection *nextConnectionList;
    //senders linked list
    Connection *next;
    Connection **prev;
    QAtomicPointer<const int> argumentTypes;
    QAtomicInt ref_;
    ushort method_offset;
    ushort method_relative;
    uint signal_index : 27; // In signal range (see QObjectPrivate::signalIndex())
    ushort connectionType : 3; // 0 == auto, 1 == direct, 2 == queued, 4 == blocking
    ushort isSlotObject : 1;
    ushort ownArgumentTypes : 1;
    Connection() : nextConnectionList(0), ref_(2), ownArgumentTypes(true) {
        //ref_ is 2 for the use in the internal lists, and for the use in QMetaObject::Connection
    }
    ~Connection();
    int method() const { return method_offset + method_relative; }
    void ref() { ref_.ref(); }
    void deref() {
        if (!ref_.deref()) {
            Q_ASSERT(!receiver);
            delete this;
        }
    }
};

void QMetaObject::activate(QObject *sender, const QMetaObject *m, int local_signal_index,
                           void **argv)
{
    activate(sender, QMetaObjectPrivate::signalOffset(m), local_signal_index, argv);
    /* We just forward to the next function here. We pass the signal offset of
     * the meta object rather than the QMetaObject itself
     * It is split into two functions because QML internals will call the later. */
}

void QMetaObject::activate(QObject *sender, int signalOffset, int local_signal_index, void **argv)
{
    int signal_index = signalOffset + local_signal_index;

    /* The first thing we do is quickly check a bit-mask of 64 bits. If it is 0,
     * we are sure there is nothing connected to this signal, and we can return
     * quickly, which means emitting a signal connected to no slot is extremely
     * fast. */
    if (!sender->d_func()->isSignalConnected(signal_index))
        return; // nothing connected to these signals, and no spy

    /* ... Skipped some debugging and QML hooks, and some sanity check ... */

    /* We lock a mutex because all operations in the connectionLists are thread safe */
    QMutexLocker locker(signalSlotLock(sender));

    /* Get the ConnectionList for this signal.  I simplified a bit here. The real code
     * also refcount the list and do sanity checks */
    QObjectConnectionListVector *connectionLists = sender->d_func()->connectionLists;
    const QObjectPrivate::ConnectionList *list =
        &connectionLists->at(signal_index);

    QObjectPrivate::Connection *c = list->first;
    if (!c) continue;
    // We need to check against last here to ensure that signals added
    // during the signal emission are not emitted in this emission.
    QObjectPrivate::Connection *last = list->last;

    /* Now iterates, for each slot */
    do {
        if (!c->receiver)
            continue;

        QObject * const receiver = c->receiver;
        const bool receiverInSameThread = QThread::currentThreadId() == receiver->d_func()->threadData->threadId;

        // determine if this connection should be sent immediately or
        // put into the event queue
        if ((c->connectionType == Qt::AutoConnection && !receiverInSameThread)
            || (c->connectionType == Qt::QueuedConnection)) {
            /* Will basically copy the argument and post an event */
            queued_activate(sender, signal_index, c, argv);
            continue;
        } else if (c->connectionType == Qt::BlockingQueuedConnection) {
            /* ... Skipped ... */
            continue;
        }

        /* Helper struct that sets the sender() (and reset it backs when it
         * goes out of scope */
        QConnectionSenderSwitcher sw;
        if (receiverInSameThread)
            sw.switchSender(receiver, sender, signal_index);

        const QObjectPrivate::StaticMetaCallFunction callFunction = c->callFunction;
        const int method_relative = c->method_relative;
        if (c->isSlotObject) {
            /* ... Skipped....  Qt5-style connection to function pointer */
        } else if (callFunction && c->method_offset <= receiver->metaObject()->methodOffset()) {
            /* If we have a callFunction (a pointer to the qt_static_metacall
             * generated by moc) we will call it. We also need to check the
             * saved metodOffset is still valid (we could be called from the
             * destructor) */
            locker.unlock(); // We must not keep the lock while calling use code
            callFunction(receiver, QMetaObject::InvokeMetaMethod, method_relative, argv);
            locker.relock();
        } else {
            /* Fallback for dynamic objects */
            const int method = method_relative + c->method_offset;
            locker.unlock();
            metacall(receiver, QMetaObject::InvokeMetaMethod, method, argv);
            locker.relock();
        }

        // Check if the object was not deleted by the slot
        if (connectionLists->orphaned) break;
    } while (c != last && (c = c->nextConnectionList) != 0);
}